Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: Understanding, Causes, and Treatment
What is Cubital Tunnel Syndrome (CuTS)?
Like carpal tunnel syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) is a nerve compression disorder. However, instead of affecting the median nerve in the wrist (as in carpal tunnel syndrome), it affects the ulnar nerve as it travels through the cubital tunnel, a narrow passageway inside the elbow.
How to tell the difference between Cubital Tunnel Syndrome & Carpel Tunnel Syndrome
It's important to know the difference between carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) and cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) because they're not the same thing, even though they can both cause similar symptoms like numbness and tingling in your hands. Here's how you can figure out which one you might have:
Where it hurts: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) feels like a wrist issue, causing your hand to feel tingly or numb, particularly in your thumb, index finger, middle finger, and half of your ring finger. On the other hand, Cubital Tunnel Syndrome (CuTS) focuses more on your elbow, leading to sensations of tingling or weakness in your ring finger, pinky, and part of your palm.
When it happens: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (CTS) tends to cause more tingling sensations at night or during activities that involve frequent hand use, such as typing or gripping tools. In contrast, Cubital Tunnel Syndrome (CuTS) aggravates when you bend your elbow frequently or maintain it in a bent position for an extended period, making activities like holding your phone to your ear potential triggers for discomfort.
Test for Self-Diagnosis:
Tingling Taps (Tinel's Sign): Try tapping lightly over where it hurts. If that makes your fingers tingle, it might be a sign of either CTS or CuTS. If it's around your wrist, it's probably CTS. If it's more around your elbow, it's likely CuTS.
Wrist Bend (Phalen's Test): Another test is to bend your wrist down and hold it there for a minute or so. If that makes your hand tingle, it's often a sign of CTS. But if nothing much happens, it's less likely to be CTS.
What are the causes of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?
Several factors can contribute to the development of cubital tunnel syndrome. These include:
Prolonged Pressure on the Elbow: Prolonged or repeated pressure on the ulnar nerve at the elbow, often due to activities or habits that involve leaning or resting on the elbow for extended periods, can lead to irritation and compression of the nerve. Common scenarios include resting the elbow on a hard surface while working at a desk or sleeping with the elbow bent for long durations.
Repetitive Elbow Movements: Activities that involve repetitive bending or flexing of the elbow joint can contribute to the development of cubital tunnel syndrome. This repetitive motion can cause friction and irritation of the ulnar nerve as it passes through the cubital tunnel. Occupations or hobbies that require frequent elbow movement, such as typing, painting, or playing musical instruments, may increase the risk of developing this condition.
Fluid Buildup in the Elbow: Conditions that lead to fluid accumulation or swelling in the elbow joint, such as arthritis, bursitis, or elbow injuries, can put pressure on the ulnar nerve and exacerbate symptoms of cubital tunnel syndrome. Fluid buildup increases the compression of the nerve within the confined space of the cubital tunnel, leading to symptoms like numbness, tingling, and weakness in the hand and arm.
Anatomical Abnormalities: Some individuals may have anatomical variations in the structure of their elbow joint that predispose them to cubital tunnel syndrome. Examples include bone spurs, cysts, or abnormal muscle formations that may narrow the cubital tunnel or cause the ulnar nerve to become compressed more easily during elbow movements.
Previous Elbow Fractures or Dislocations: Traumatic injuries to the elbow, such as fractures or dislocations, can cause damage to the surrounding tissues and structures, including the ulnar nerve. Scar tissue formation or improper healing of the injured tissues may lead to increased pressure on the ulnar nerve within the cubital tunnel, resulting in symptoms characteristic of cubital tunnel syndrome.
Understanding these underlying causes of cubital tunnel syndrome is crucial for prevention and treatment strategies. By identifying and addressing contributing factors, individuals can take proactive steps to minimize the risk of developing this debilitating condition and seek appropriate medical intervention if symptoms arise.
How is Cubital Tunnel Syndrome Diagnosed & Treated?
At McKinley Orthopedic and Sports Medicine, we employ a comprehensive approach to diagnose and treat Cubital Tunnel Syndrome. Our orthopedic team will conduct a thorough physical examination, review your medical history, and may order diagnostic tests such as X-rays or ultrasound to confirm the diagnosis.
Treatment options for carpal tunnel may include a combination of the following:
Rest and activity modification
Splinting or bracing to keep the elbow in a neutral position
Physical therapy exercises to strengthen muscles and improve flexibility
Anti-inflammatory medications or steroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain
In severe cases, Dr. Carey can perform surgery to relieve pressure
What happens if Cubital Tunnel goes untreated?
If left untreated, cubital tunnel syndrome can lead to persistent numbness, muscle weakness, and difficulty performing everyday tasks. In severe cases, permanent nerve damage may occur, resulting in permanent disability.
When Should I Seek Medical Help?
It's essential to seek medical help if you experience persistent symptoms such as numbness, tingling, or weakness in your hand or fingers, particularly if these symptoms interfere with daily activities or disrupt sleep. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent further nerve damage and improve outcomes. Our dedicated team at McKinley Orthopedic and Sports Medicine is here to help.